G6PD and cancer: Indeed, loss of Snail decreased NADPH level (Fig. 1g), while gain of Snail function consistently increased NADPH level in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-dependent manner (Fig. 1h and Supplementary Fig. 2d), suggesting that Snail regulates NADPH homeostasis via PPP and thereby confers cancer cell survival against oxidative stress.