Although no PSA data were available for the participants without PCa in the cohorts included in this study as they were from the general population and not originally participating in a study on PCa, the combination of a lower risk of manifest PCa in a group of men previously found to be more likely to present with high PSA due to a certain inherited gene variant calls for efforts to develop genotype adjusted normal ranges for this cancer marker. Here, KLK3 is linked to cancer.