In NMO and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and their animal models, subtypes of CD4+ T cells were elevated compared to those of HS, and we found that one corollary of these events is the lack of balance between apoptosis and anti-apoptosis in CD4+ T cells (Uzawa et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2011). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neuromyelitis optica.