However, although many of these variants have previously shown association with COPD risk (TNS1, RARB, FAM13A, GSTCD, HHIP, HTR4, ADAM19, AGER, GPR126, C10orf11, THSD4),29–33 we have shown that they are not associated with change in FEV1 or FEV1/FVC over time in our cohorts. Here, HTR4 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.