Circulating OPG may modulate these effects, with one investigation showing increased mammary epithelial proliferation after intravenous administration of soluble RANKL (sRANKL), and inhibition of proliferation by the administration of OPG, in an animal model [44]; in vitro investigations of administered RANKL and OPG in human breast tumor samples show similar results [49]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF11 and breast neoplasm.