Regardless of the specific mechanism of action of IF1 in reducing ischemic injury, Genoux et al. prospectively studied 577 males with stable CHD for a median follow-up of 11 years, and observed that patients with CHD who died had lower serum concentration of IF1 and higher values of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) (i.e., two biomarkers associated with myocardial injury) compared to those who survived [13]. The gene discussed is ATP5IF1; the disease is coronary artery disorder.