Interestingly, 15 out of 20 genes found to be associated with cardiomyopathy also showed a women overexpression bias in heart tissue, as in the natriuretic peptide B-secreted cardiac hormone gene NPPB (Fig. 3), supporting previous evidence on its involvement in sex-differential cardiovascular phenotypes [36, 37]. Here, NPPB is linked to cardiomyopathy.