In the context of lung cancers, the expression of PAR-1 mRNA in alveolar walls with surface spreading of neoplastic cells was shown to increase by 10-fold compared with alveolar walls without surface spreading of neoplastic cells, and stimulation of PAR-1 led to the proliferation of alveolar capillary endothelial cells, pointing to PAR-1 as a potential regulator in alveolar angiogenesis [26]. The gene discussed is F2R; the disease is lung cancer.