GLI1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: These differential patterns of Gli1, Sufu, and Gli2 distribution were unlikely due to altered overall levels of these factors, since no significant differences were found in total (cytoplasmic and nuclear) levels of expression of Gli1 (p = 0.3899, unpaired two-tailed t test), Gli2 (p = 0.1180), and Sufu (p = 0.058) between controls and ALS-CSF-treated cells, suggesting that these alterations in nuclear translocation likely reflect changes in functional activity of Shh pathway triggered by CSF stimulation.