The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities significantly increased by 14 and 84%, respectively, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased by 16% in the HF group compared with the NC group, and these differences were all significant (P < 0.05) (Fig. 5A,B,E). The gene discussed is XDH; the disease is hydrops fetalis.