Compared with those in the HF group, SOD activity in the three PSEs treatment groups and catalase (CAT) activity in the PSEM and PSEH groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05), XOD activity was significantly decreased in the PSEL and PSEM groups (P < 0.05), and the MDA levels in all PSE intervention groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) (Fig. 5A,D,B,E). Here, SOD1 is linked to hydrops fetalis.