PPARGC1A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: To date only two miRNAs have been described in hepatocytes to directly target PGC1α mRNA: (i) miR-696, which is upregulated with obesity, decreases PGC1α expression in the liver of ob/ob mice [119] and (ii) miR-130a, which is downregulated in HBV-infected human hepatocytes, increases PGC1α and PPARγ expression thus favoring HBV replication [120].