For example, while higher levels of CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 were found in individuals with ASD than in TD controls in either plasma or CSF specimens (1, 6, 7), lower plasma levels of these three chemokines were detected in ASD subjects with fragile X syndrome (FXS, a single-gene disorder characterized by autistic symptoms) compared to TD controls (14). This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and fragile X syndrome.