The reduced levels of CXCL9 may be related to the slight decrease in the levels of the Th1-related chemokine CXCL10 in the ASD and ASD + ADHD groups, given that CXCL9 is a chemokine that is structurally and functionally related to CXCL10, which binds to a common inflammatory chemokine receptor, CXCR3, to coordinate inflammation in a variety of human diseases (9, 33). Here, CXCL10 is linked to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.