IL-1 plays a pivotal role in gout-associated inflammation by instigating the release of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-8, IL-6, CXCL8, CXCL1), and the upregulation of adhesion molecules (selectins, integrins) on endothelial cells, which directly induces a massive infiltration of inflammatory cells (i.e., neutrophils and monocytes) at the site of crystal deposition (Brown et al., 1994; Hachicha et al., 1995). Here, IL1B is linked to gout.