Combining the inverse relevance between miR-320a and SND1 or β-catenin in the glioma specimens, our results indicated that SND1 and β-catenin overexpressions induced by miR-320a downexpression could decrease p21WAF1 and also increase MMP2, MMP7 and cyclin D1 by enhancing the activities of TGFβ1/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, thereby accelerating the cell proliferation and invasion of malignant gliomas (Figure 6E). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is malignant glioma.