REST and Stroke: On the other hand, it is known that HDAC4 mRNA expression is regulated by the transcription factors specificity proteins 1 (Sp1) and 3 (Sp3) (Liu et al., 2006), that have been also associated in vivo to neuronal cell death after stroke (Formisano et al., 2015b), and in vitro to cell death after PCB exposure, through the up-regulation of RE1-Silencing Transcription factor (REST) (Formisano et al., 2015c).