CCL2 and glomerulosclerosis: Recently, evidence has been collected to suggest that VD may inhibit the production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is a pro-fibrotic factor and plays a key role in diabetic glomerulosclerosis process and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), thus reducing the occurrence of glomerular sclerosis [22–25].