CXCL12 and psychiatric disorder: Additionally, alterations in circulating chemokines {e.g., chemokine C–C motif ligand 2 [CCL2, also referred to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], chemokine C–C motif ligand 11 [CCL11, eotaxin-1], chemokine C–X–C motif ligand 8 [CXCL8, interleukin-8 (IL-8)], and chemokine C–X–C motif ligand 12 [CXCL12, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)]} have been recently associated with psychiatric disorders such as cocaine use disorders (6), mood disorders (7, 8), generalized anxiety (9), personality disorders (9), and Alzheimer’s disease (10).