CCL4 and Cirrhosis: Chemokines and their receptors are known for their role in liver injury, especially the CC chemokine family in animal models (18), and both alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis are associated with distinct patterns of chemokine expression such as CCL8, CCL2, chemokine C-C motif ligand 3 [CCL3, also referred to macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α)], and chemokine C-C motif ligand 4 (CCL4, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta) (19).