TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: In a study with synovial fibroblast cell lines from RA patients, significant CXCL9 and CXCL10 secretion, but not CXCL11, could be observed upon IFNγ stimulation, and only CXCL10 secretion, but not CXCL9 and CXCL11, was found upon TNF or IL-1β stimulation [27].