TLR4 and neoplasm: Given that increased expression of both TLR3 and TLR4 in breast tumour epithelium is associated with increased risk of disease recurrence [60], and taken in the context of their anti-tumoural and pro-tumoural effects in MSCs [59], it is clear that targeting TLRs for the treatment of cancer is complex and its benefits may be dependent on the specific polarisation of MSCs and immune cells in the tumour microenvironment, in addition to the TLR expression patterns within the tumour epithelia in each individual patient.