In contrast, a recent study demonstrated that IL31 in conjunction with IL-4 induces the expression of VEGF and EGF in bronchial epithelial cells thereby supporting bronchial inflammation [43]; however, its direct angiogenic role and the relevant factors that are upregulated in response to IL31 activated signaling pathways have not been elucidated in carcinomas. Here, IL31 is linked to carcinoma.