Betaine, another alkaloid from common edible plants, has been proved effective in treating NAFLD in fructose-induced rat models by up-regulating hepatic expression of LXRα and PPARα with attenuation of the changes of their target genes, including SREBP-1c, ACCα, SCD-1, FAS, CPT I, and CPT II to alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation and fatty acid induced oxidation stress [38]. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.