VDR and primary biliary cholangitis: The mRNA and protein levels of VDR were markedly lower in PBMCs of both PBC patients (57% and 80% reduction, p = 0.026 and p = 0.0005 vs. controls, respectively,) and PSC patients (62% and 90% reduction, p = 0.027 and p = 0.002 vs. controls, respectively) (Figure 5A,B).