The protective effects of GRP78 have been observed in proliferating and dormant cancer cells, tumor initiating cells as well as tumor associated endothelial cells, including effects mediated not only by the ER form, but also the stress-induced cytosolic isoform, the secreted form and the cell surface form known to regulate the PI3K/AKT oncogenic signaling pathway5, 24. Here, AKT1 is linked to neoplasm.