These include interferon-γ (IFNγ)-producing type 1 helper T (Th1) cells, which are essential for immunity to intracellular microorganisms, IL-4-producing Th2 cells, which protect against parasites and extracellular pathogens4, and Th17 cells that produce IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22 and protect against bacterial and fungal infections at mucosal surfaces8. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and fungal infectious disease.