FXS affects approximately 1 in 2500–5000 males and 1 in 4000–6000 females (Coffee et al. 2009; Hirst et al. 1993), and is caused by abnormalities in the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene located at Xq27.3, resulting in excessive cytosine–guanine–guanine (CGG) repeats and reduced production of the FMRP protein. This evidence concerns the gene FMR1 and fragile X syndrome.