S100B and snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration: As a potential monitoring tool for cognitive dysfunction,the S100β level provides a target for the early intervention of SVD with VCIND.However, due to the limitation of funds, we failed to conduct a further study to lookinto whether S100β with other markers could help to discriminate the potentialmechanism by which release of S100β affects the pathogenesis of SVD with VCINDand to determine more factors that contribute to cognitive impairment in SVD.