As the refractory CMY cell line had a high percentage of the ALDH-positive “stem-like” cells (Fig. 1b), we investigated the cytotoxicity of BTZ (previously reported to target AML stem cells), and DSF (ALDH inhibitor) using the same panel that includes cell lines with high and low endogenous ALDH activity (Table 1, Fig. 1b). This evidence concerns the gene LDHA and acute myeloid leukemia.