CD274 and neoplasm: The blockade of tumor-associated PD-L1, which can increase inactivation and/or apoptosis of T cells and result in immune evasion of cancers [18], is currently used as a powerful immunotherapy that acts in a manner similar to targeting immune checkpoints such as PD-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA) 4 [58, 73, 87].