Regarding malignancies that are derived from immortalized and transformed cells whose genomes have become altered or mutated, a variety of oncogenic alterations (including activation of the PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways as well as growth factor receptors) and either the inactivation or decreased expression of tumor suppressors such as p53, adenomatous polyposis coli mutations, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and runt-related transcription factor 3 are pathologically contributed to tumor growth and survival [33]. The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is neoplasm.