In contrast, for PC-3 MVs and EXOs a common increase in the mRNA levels of several genes was found, including caveolin-1 (CAV1), reportedly overexpressed in PCa and associated with disease progression [25, 26]; caveolin-2 (CAV2), a gene involved in cell cycle [27]; glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), both genes showing differentially methylated promoters and involved in cancer progression [28, 29]; and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2), a gene usually down-regulated in PCa cells [30]. Here, CAV1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.