For example, the inferred TF activity of CEBPA31 was significantly higher in the mesenchymal subtype compared to other subtypes of GBM (P<10−5, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test used for all tests); ESR1 (estrogen receptor 1) activity was higher in luminal BRCA compared to other BRCA subtypes (P<10−42), consistent with oestrogen receptor serving as a luminal marker32; and activity of TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor-1) thyroid transcription factor-1, a known biomarker of LUAD33, was higher in the squamoid (P<10−10) and bronchioid subtypes (P<10−5) compared to the magnoid subtype in LUAD. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and glioblastoma.