These included a master mix (see Materials and methods) of epithelial and tumor cell markers (cyan; note, absent from in vitro specimens), the stromal marker vimentin (magenta), a nucleus-detecting DNA intercalating agent (Draq5, yellow), a 3D-adhesion marker (mAb11 [Cukierman et al., 2001], red) and SNAKA51 (Clark et al., 2005) to detect levels and localizations of active α5β1-integrin (green), anti-pFAK-Y397 (orange) and anti-pSMAD2/3 (indicative of TGFβ pathway activation [Tsukazaki et al., 1998]; blue). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.