APLNR and pulmonary arterial hypertension: We report for the first time ELA peptides binding to the native human apelin receptor, ELA expression in human blood vessels, attenuation of cardiac dysfunction, cardiac and pulmonary arterial remodeling, and peptide and receptor mRNA expression in human PAH and rodent models of PAH, in addition to more fully characterizing the cardiovascular profile of ELA in comparison with apelin.