PAI-1 secreted from radioresistant NSCLC cells induces EMT and the radioresistance of nearby cells in a paracrine manner; extracellular PAI-1 associates with the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPAR complex and then binds to its receptor, low density LRP-1, which subsequently activates Akt and ERK1/2 to upregulate Snail, thereby inducing EMT and cell survival in radiosensitive cells [81]. Here, PLAU is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.