However, other somatic mutations in signaling pathways that drive proliferation, such as NPM1 (nucleophosmin 1), FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication of the gene FLT3) and KRAS/NRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog/neuroblastoma rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), are later events in AML transformation [35]. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.