TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In the results of transwell tests, TGF-β1 groups enhanced obviously invasion ability as compared with untreated control groups (Fig. 4e, Control vs. TGF-β1, p < 0.01, respectively) while Neferine treatment in TGF-β1-treated HCC cells displayed a significantly lower invasion capacity than the groups consisting of TGF-β1-treated HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells (Fig. 4e, TGF-β1 + Neferine vs. TGF-β1, p < 0.001, respectively).