Interestingly, treatment with TGF-β1 cancelled the suppressed migration and invasion abilities of Neferine-pretreated HCC cells (Fig. 4d,e, Neferine + TGF-β1 vs. TGF-β1 + Neferine, p < 0.01, respectively). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.