INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: This was contrary to the model of T2D presented by Suman et al[46] which had 45.51% insulin, Wilson and Islam [25] which had 53.7% serum insulin, but agrees with that of Zhang et al [12] with 83.1%, Masiello et al [47] with 88.2% and Srinivasan et al [24] with 83.0% of circulating serum insulin respectively.