Data from the present study showed that expression levels of UPR markers, in particular pPERK and peIF2α (signals involved in the PERK/eIF2α branch pathway), chemokines, and cytokines, such as MCP-1 and TNFα, are significantly increased in diabetic mice at time-points before the prominent manifestation of retinopathy. This evidence concerns the gene EIF2A and retinal disorder.