ACE and major depressive disorder: Although significantly greater risk for being a smoker has been observed among ACE‐DD homozygous individuals with depression in the German population (Baghai et al., 2008), studies comprising healthy subjects from the Czech Republic and German populations found no association between the ACE‐I/D polymorphism and smoking risk (Baghai et al., 2008; Hubacek et al., 2004).