For example, they demonstrated that miR-495 targets the apoptosis-related gene TPN53INP1. TPN53INP1 is the nearest gene to a SNPs associated with T2D (Voight et al., 2010), and global inactivation in mice leads to glucose intolerance reflecting impaired insulin sensitivity which is uncompensated by changes in β-cell function or mass (Seillier et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.