Recent evidence indicates that the miRNA-142 locus is important for the regulation of macrophage-related processes, as e.g., macrophage and dendritic cell differentiation (Fordham et al., 2015), regulation of cell migration (Kim et al., 2015), control of profibrogenic macrophage program (Su et al., 2015), role in colony-stimulating factor 1-induced monocyte differentiation into macrophages (Lagrange et al., 2013), prevention of macrophage differentiation during cancer-induced myelopoiesis (Sonda et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and cancer.