For example, two of the scFvs (ALS-TDP7 and ALS-TDP10) reacted with 3 of the 4 c9orf72 ALS cases, 4 of the scFvs (ALS-TDP5, ALS-TDP6, ALS-TDP11, ALS-TDP17) reacted with 2 of the 4 c9orf72 ALS cases, while 2 (ALS-TDP15 and AD-TDP2) reacted with 1 of the 4 c9orf72 ALS cases, although not the same one. The gene discussed is C9orf72; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.