TNF and osteoporosis: Postmenopausal women have a higher risk for osteoporosis due to estrogen hormone decline which contributes to the development of osteoporosis through spontaneous increases in proinflammatory and proosteoclastic cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1 that lead to enhance the ability of osteoclasts to absorb bone.[3–5]