After 3 hours of reperfusion, melatonin significantly increased the expressions of PGC-1α, SIRT3, SOD2, NRF1, TFAM and the p-AMPK/AMPK ratio, decreased cytosolic cytochrome c level (Fig. 4a–h, P < 0.05, compared with the T1D + MI/R + V group). Here, NRF1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.