In the following, we use the term efficacy to denote the proportion of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers among newly diagnosed breast cancer patients that fulfilled selection criteria of screening for mutations (BRCA testing criteria), and we use the term effectiveness to denote the proportion of carriers that were actually tested as probands during their interactions with health care, under real world circumstances. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is breast carcinoma.