CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Similarly, while both sources of conditioned supernatants induced an expansion of CD4+FOXP3+ T-cells (Tregs) (Figure 5F), supernatants from T1D-derived IEC cultures polarized Tregs to that of a more Th1-like phenotype as measured by a higher frequency of CD4+FOXP3+CXCR3+CCR6+/− T cells (Figure 5F).