Thus, in order expand on the existing knowledge associated with the GI-immune microenvironment observed in T1D, we evaluated the soluble mediator milieu as well as the frequency and phenotype of ILC, T helper cells (CD4+), and cytotoxic T-cells (CD8+) within duodenal tissues in a cohort of organ donors with and without T1D. This evidence concerns the gene CCL27 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.