Specifically, the frequency of CD8+CXCR3+CCR6+/− T-cells (Tc1) was higher following exposure to conditioned supernatants from T1D-derived cultures, whereby the expression level of CXCR3+ was also significantly elevated on a per cell basis (Figures 5C,E). This evidence concerns the gene CXCR3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.