Conversely, mirroring the observed phenotypic skewing of ILCs, the T1D cohort presented with a significantly higher frequency of duodenal CD8+CXCR3+ (Tc1) T-cells as well as a significantly lower frequency of CD8+CCR6+ (Tc17) T-cells (Figures 3A,D), although the frequency of CD8+CXCR3+CCR6+ (Tc1/Tc17) was similar between the cohorts (Figures 3A,E) (24, 25). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and type 1 diabetes mellitus.