Correlation of anti-HA IgG2a with the observed protection emphasizes the usefulness of Mw adjuvant in modulating immune response to Th1 type that is beneficial for protection that was further confirmed by the induction of influenza-specific Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2) and undetectable levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in the Mw-HNM group. Here, TNF is linked to influenza.