Moreover, samples from P. vivax group presented significant higher levels of TGF-β (median = 42.8 pg/mL) when compared to malaria-naïve control group (median = 10.3 pg/mL) (p = 0.0353) but similar production of this cytokine when compared to endemic control (median = 48.9 pg/mL) and P. vivax-treated (median = 43.7 pg/mL) groups (Fig. 2c). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is malaria.