The plasma levels of MCP-1/CCL2 were increased in P. vivax-infected individuals (median = 770.6 pg/mL) when compared to malaria-naïve control group (median = 97.3 pg/mL) and endemic control group (median = 76.0 pg/mL) (Fig. 4a), with further re-establishment to basal levels after treatment (median = 104.5 pg/mL) (p < 0.0001). Here, CCL2 is linked to malaria.