DPP-4 inhibition has been shown to suppress TGF-β and α-SMA expression in renal tubular epithelial cells by blocking NF-κB,5 and attenuation of NF-κB and TGF-β signaling through DPP-4 inhibition has also been reported to suppress renal fibrosis.9 This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and renal fibrosis.