In conclusion, our results emphasize at least three important functions of neutrophils and monocytes in chronic phase of Chagas disease: 1) Orchestrate an adaptive response; 2) Participate in the remodeling of heart ECM, through the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9; 3) Contribute to the maintenance or regulation of inflammation via the production of distinct cytokines. Here, MMP9 is linked to Chagas disease.