TPM2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Hereditary human diseases due to defects or gene variation of ankyrins (1/2/3) are known to be linked with diseases such as cardiac arrhythmia and bipolar disorder.30, 62 Bipolar patients with psychotic episode are comorbid with cardiovascular diseases.63 Thus, the consequences of overexpressed TPM2 and TAGLN, regulating actin filaments during the neural and cardiac development might give novel insights into the neural degeneration observed in bipolar disorder in post-mortem tissues,42 and might explain why BD is comorbid with cardiovascular diseases, and vice versa.